A pawn can perform a special type of capture of an enemy pawn called en passant ("in passing"), wherein it captures a horizontally adjacent enemy pawn that has just advanced two squares as if that pawn had only advanced one square. When there is an enemy piece one square diagonally ahead of a pawn, then the pawn may capture that piece. The pawn may move forward one square, and one or two squares when on its starting square, toward the opponent's side of the board.Consequently, the knight alternates its square color each time it moves. The knight moves from one corner of any two-by-three rectangle to the opposite corner.Castling may only be performed if the king and rook involved are unmoved, if the king is not in check, if the king would not travel through or into check, and if there are no pieces between the rook and the king. The king may participate in castling, which is a move consisting of the king moving two squares toward a same-colored rook on the same rank and the rook moving to the square crossed by the king. No move may be made such that the king is placed or left in check.
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